In 1900 countries started using technology for best services .In defence of a particular civilization it has to develop new ways for protection. This led to research and development of new technology. In the 1900 after computing transferred from mechanical to electronic systems the defence start to design wide variety of monitoring, computing and taking action for enemy activities. Now for complex system there should be an organisation of programming labs, electronic manufactures and for accommodation buildings also manufacturing testing and installing.
Wiener who coined the term cybernetics in 1947 to designate what he hoped would be a new science of control mechanisms in which the exchange of information would play a central role. The vision of science for war in the early 1900's was cybernetic. With the help of feedback loops, efficient control and communication was achieved which was a key point in a warfare. The battlefields were mechanized. Enemies were viewed as cybernetic entities and a man-machine. Well, even in modern war the basic cybernetic vision hasn’t changed, but technology has improved largly. Size of the equipments has decreased, but the complexity has surged, more and more systems being automatic.
The three closely related sciences which engaged in calculating the enemy were: Operational research, game theory, and cybernetics. Operational research focused on maximizing the efficiency in locating and destroying. Game theory is the way of analyzing what two opposing forces ought to do when each expected the other to act in a maximally rational way.
To the Americans, British, and Australians, the Japanese soldiers were often thought of a lice, ants, or vermin to be eradicated.The V-2 rocket was a ballistic missile that was developed at the beginning of the Second World War in Germany. The rocket was the world's first long-range combat-ballistic missile. As a counter measure for this, British and American scientists developed radar technology to "see" for hundreds of miles. Long-range precision strike weapons, coupled to very effective sensors and command and control systems, have come to dominate much of warfare. Rather than closing with an opponent, the preferable operational mode will be destroying him at a distance. It seems plausible that long-range precision strike operations may also play a prominent role in power projection, war at sea, and space operations. Secondly, use of information warfare as a new tactic in defeating your enemy. Protecting the effective and continuous operation of one's own information systems, and being able to degrade, destroy, or disrupt the functioning of the opponent's, has become a major operational priority or focus.
In 19th century where defense was a major emphasis, pre-emptive strike is a modern warfare tactic to gain advantage of initiative and harm the enemy at a moment of minimal protection. Motives in 1900 was mainly increasing boundries and to be a dominant country. Now power is for political goals such as access to rule on religion. wars were between armies the military capture of territory through battle,now they are between technological achievment. there are several ways in which science can be used because of the multiplicity of disciplines. In the twentieth century physics is the language of war, dynamics ,mechanisms. Scientists dedicated to military research if interfered in conflict resolution then it was only a matter of politics. War has changed a lot since the past few years and the methodologies will keep changing as technology advances to greater heights. references
1)SAGE SYSTEM
2)wikipedia technology used in defence system
praveen kumar
NA09B019
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